include_once,简单介绍一下美国著名喜剧演员艾伯特布鲁斯英语作文?
Albert - Brooks was born in California, his mother had been a singer and actor, his father was a radio comedian. Albert - Brooks himself had been a film and television actor, voice actor, writer, comedian and director. In 1987, when Albert - Brooks with "Broadcast News" (Broadcast News) to get an Oscar nomination. Albert - Brooks's debut as an comedian, once a year at the University of Pittsburgh, but dropped out a year just to concentrate on reading when comedian. After dropping out of school, he was very successful in a number of talk show has its own fixed link performance. As a comedian, he was undoubtedly the greatest achievement of the six episodes directed by "Saturday Night Live" (Saturday Night Live). In 1976, he starred in his first mainstream film, just this film is Martin - Scorsese (Martin Scorsese) milestone "Taxi Driver" (Taxi Driver). In 1979, Albert - Brooks film "Real Life" (Real Life) at the same time to win an Oscar and the Nobel Prize. Albert - Brooks recent works include "desperate driving" (Drive) in the gangster, he plays the role of media praise, and he also got a Best Supporting Actress nomination.
NETPHPJSP四种语言的特点及区别是什么?
ASP,全称为Active Server Pages
ASP是微软(Microsoft)所开发的一种后台脚本语言,它的语法和Visual BASIC类似,可以像SSI(Server Side Include)那样把后台脚本代码内嵌到HTML页面中。虽然ASP简单易用,但是它自身存在着许多缺陷,最重要的就是安全性问题。目前在微软的 .Net 战略中新推出的ASP.net 借鉴了Java技术的优点,使用C Sharp (C#) 语言作为ASP.net的推荐语言,同时改进了以前ASP的安全性差等缺点。但是,使用ASP/ASP.net仍有一定的局限性,因为从某种角度来说它们只能在微软的 Windows NT/2000/XP + IIS的服务器平台上良好运行(虽然像ChilliSoft提供了在UNIX/Linux上运行ASP的解决方案,但是目前ASP在UNIX/Linux上的应用可以说几乎为0)。所以平台的局限性和ASP自身的安全性限制了ASP的广泛应用。
ASP在执行的时候,是由IIS调用程序引擎,解释执行嵌在HTML中的ASP代码,最终将结果和原来的HTML一同送往客户端。
PHP,全称为PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor
PHP 的全名非常有趣,它是一个巢状的缩写名称——“PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”,打开缩写还是缩写。PHP是一种HTML 内嵌式的语言 (就像上面讲的ASP那样)。而 PHP 独特的语法混合了C,Java,Perl以及 PHP 式的新语法。它可以比 CGI 或者 Perl 更快速地执行动态网页。
PHP的源代码完全公开,在 Open Source 意识抬头的今天,它更是这方面的中流砥柱。不断地有新的函数库加入,以及不停地更新,使得 PHP 无论在 UNIX 或是 Win32 的平台上都可以有更多新的功能。它提供丰富的函数,使得在程式设计方面有着更好的资源。目前PHP的最新版本为4.1.1 ,它可以在Win32以及UNIX/Linux等几乎所有的平台上良好工作。PHP在4.0版后使用了全新的Zend引擎,其在最佳化之后的效率,比较传统 CGI 或者 ASP 等技术有了更好的表现。
平台无关性是PHP的最大优点,但是在优点的背后,还是有一些小小的缺点的。如果在PHP中不使用ODBC,而用其自带的数据库函数(这样的效率要比使用ODBC高)来连接数据库的话, 使用不同的数据库,PHP的函数名不能统一。这样,使得程序的移植变得有些麻烦。不过,作为目前应用最为广泛的一种后台语言,PHP的优点还是异常明显的。
JSP,全称为Java Server Pages / Servlet
JSP和Servlet要放在一起讲,是因为它们都是Sun公司的J2EE(Java 2 platform Enterprise Edition)应用体系中的一部分。
Servlet的形式和前面讲的CGI差不多,它是HTML代码和后台程序分开的。它们的启动原理也差不多,都是服务器接到客户端的请求后,进行应答。不同的是,CGI对每个客户请求都打开一个进程(Process),而Servlet却在响应第一个请求的时候被载入,一旦Servlet被载入,便处于已执行状态。对于以后其他用户的请求,它并不打开进程,而是打开一个线程(Thread),将结果发送给客户。由于线程与线程之间可以通过生成自己的父线程(Parent Thread)来实现资源共享,这样就减轻了服务器的负担,所以,Java Servlet可以用来做大规模的应用服务。
虽然在形式上JSP和ASP或PHP看上去很相似——都可以被内嵌在HTML代码中。但是,它的执行方式和ASP或PHP完全不同。在JSP被执行的时候,JSP文件被JSP解释器(JSP Parser)转换成Servlet代码,然后Servlet代码被Java编译器编译成 .class 字节文件,这样就由生成的Servlet来对客户端应答。所以,JSP可以看做是Servlet的脚本语言(Script Language)版。
由于JSP/Servlet都是基于Java的,所以它们也有Java语言的最大优点——平台无关性,也就是所谓的“一次编写,随处运行(WORA – Write Once, Run Anywhere)”。除了这个优点,JSP/Servlet的效率以及安全性也是相当惊人的。因此,JSP/Servlet虽然在国内目前的应用并不广泛,但是其前途不可限量。
在调试JSP代码时,如果程序出错,JSP服务器会返回出错信息,并在浏览器中显示。这时,由于JSP是先被转换成Servlet后再运行的,所以,浏览器中所显示的代码出错的行数并不是JSP源代码的行数,而是指转换后的Servlet程序代码的行数。这给调试代码带来一定困难。所以,在排除错误时,可以采取分段排除的方法(在可能出错的代码前后输出一些字符串,用字符串是否被输出来确定代码段从哪里开始出错),逐步缩小出错代码段的范围,最终确定错误代码的位置。
JSP和ASP相比较:
运行速度、运行开销、运行平台、扩展性、安全性、函数支持、厂商支持、对XML的支持等等,ASP都不是JSP的对手。COM组件的复杂性实编程实现有一定的难度。而JavaBeans和JAVA的结合却是天衣无缝的。
JSP和ASP.NET相比较:
1.相对C#,JSP的脚本语言JAVA也是面向对象的、分布式的、解释的语言。
2.与C#相似JAVA同样去掉了难以理解的指针等概念,取而代之的是类和对象。
3. JSP有一项全新的技术――Servlet(服务器端程序)很好的节约了服务器资源。
4.JAVABeans是针对ASP.NET的Server Control的技术。只要会JAVA, JavaBeans就很容易写出。
5.再有就是JAVA的JDBC数据库连接技术。
6.JSP对XML同样有十分广泛的支持。
1) 面向对象性:
ASP+将C#作为一种面向对象语言,在很多方面来看,C#将成为微软的与Java相似的语言。
C#另一个有趣的地方是所有对象都自动变成为COM对象。如果C#能取得很大的市场份额,那么它将给ASP+带来类似于Java的功能,并且具备更快的性能,因为它可以和Windows环境紧密集成。
C# 是ASP+开发中一个最重要的功能,微软会将C#发展成为Java的强劲对手。这也是他们.Net框架的一个重要组成部分。我认为C#是微软在编程市场上击败对手的主要工具。我期待着微软能在这个产品后面倾注全力,这样,C#可以成为许多程序员的又一种选择。C#产生的结果是将进一步加固微软和Sun产品的战线。这对用户是有利的,他们可以选择两者之一来开发新的应用。
2) 数据库连接:
ASP另一个亮点是它使用ADO对象,ODBC, OLE-DB和事务处理管理器。因此ASP Web数据库应用开发特别简单。ASP+发展了更多的功能,因为有了ADO+!ADO+带来了更强大更快速的功能。JSP和JDBC目前在易用性和性能上同ASP/ADO相比已有些落后,当新版本ASP+/ADO+出现后这样的差别会更明显。我个人希望SUN应尽快能花大力气来追赶ASP+/ADO+的组合。
3) 大型站点应用:
ASP+将对大型站点(web farms)有更好的支持。事实上,微软在这方面付出了巨大的努力。 ASP+可以让你考虑到多服务器(multiple servers)的场合,当你需要更强大的功能时,仅仅只需要增加一台服务器。整个.Net框架已经充分地提供了这个方法。ASP+提供了外部会话状态(external session state)来提供内置式web farm的支持。另外,由于请求的各组件相互间经过了充分的优化,所以速度很快。
于是ASP+现在可以在大型项目方面与JSP一样具有等同的能力。 而ASP+还有价格方面的优势,因为所有的组件将是服务器操作系统的一部分。对于JSP,你需要购买昂贵的应用服务器群来达到同样的目的。
4) ASP+还提供更多的其它方面的新特性,例如:
*内置的对象缓存和页面结果缓存。
*内置的XML支持,可用于XML数据集的简单处理。
*服务器控制提供了更充分的交互式控制。
ASP+确实对ASP进行了较大的发展。
英语演讲稿怎么写?
感谢邀请!
Writing a speech is in many ways like writing a paper, except that there is no penalty for spelling and punctuation errors. Try not to use words you are not comfortable pronouncing or don't know the meaning of because it can lead to a less fluently delivered speech.
从很多方面来说,写演讲稿就像写论文,但演讲稿却没有像论文那般特别注重单词的拼写与标点的错误。写演讲稿的时候,不要用一些发音不顺畅或是你不明白意思的单词,因为会导致你的演讲不够流畅。
Instructions
说明
1. Assess how much time your speech should take. If you don't have a time limit, try to keep your speech brief yet informative.
估算自己演讲所需的时间。如果没有演讲上的时间限制,就尽量让你的演讲篇幅简短且内容丰富。
2. Think about your audience and let your perception of the audience shape the tone of your speech as you write it.
站在听众的角度多想想,当你撰写演讲稿时,你要让观众也能在演讲稿中切身体会你的演讲魅力。
3. Begin with an introduction that establishes who you are, what your purpose is, what you'll be talking about and how long you're going to take. You may want to include a joke, anecdote or interesting fact to grab the audience's attention.
先介绍自己,以表述演讲目的、演讲主题和演讲时长作为开端。在这段话中,你要说一个笑话、奇闻奇事或趣事来直接引起听众的注意。
4. Organize your information into three to seven main points and prioritize them according to importance and effectiveness.
用3-7条大纲组织演讲内容信息,并根据重要性和有效性分清要点主次。
5. Delete points that aren't crucial to your speech if you have too many for your time frame.
假如时间不允许,你可以删减一些演讲中不重要的点。
6. Start with your most important point, then go to your least important point and move slowly back toward the most important. For example, if you have five points with No. 5 being the most important and No. 1 being the least important, your presentation order would be 5-1-2-3-4. 6,
从最重要的一点开始你的演讲,之后到次重要点,然后再慢慢回到最重要点上。例如,你的演讲稿中有5点要讲,第5点是其中的重中之重,而第1点是次重要点,你的演讲顺序应为:51234。
7. Add support to each point using statistics, facts, examples, anecdotes, quotations or other supporting material.
借助图表、事实、例子、奇闻轶事、引文与其它材料作为演讲点的支撑部分。
8. Link your introduction, points and conclusions together with smooth transitions.
引言、演讲要点和结论连贯顺承地串在一起。
9. Write a conclusion that summarizes each of your points, restates your main purpose and leaves the audience with a lasting impression.
用结论总结所有演讲点,重申主题,让观众留下最后的深刻印象。
Tips & Warnings
温馨提示
The introduction should make up about 10 to 15 percent of the total speech. The conclusion should make up 5 to 10 percent.
引言应占演讲内容的10%-15%,而结论则占其中的5%-10%。
When preparing your speech, make your notes easy to read by writing or printing them in large, clear letters.
准备演讲时,为方便观众阅读,请使用大且清晰的字母写出或印刷出你的演讲笔记。
Rehearse and time your speech before delivering it. Prune it if necessary. If you'll be presenting a great deal of information, consider using handouts or visual aids to help your audience remember your points.
正式演讲前,请预练你的演讲,并计算演讲时间。如有需要,多修改修改你的演讲稿。假如你的演讲会提供大量的信息,那你得考虑用一些传单或其它便于观看的道具帮助观众记住你的演讲要点。
以初中知识写的英语文章?
在过去20年间,上海的快餐市场曾一度被麦当劳、肯德基等外国餐饮公司所垄断。至今仍有很多市民记得当年上海荣华烤鸡在市场竞争中惜败肯德基的情形。 Over the past two decades, foreign catering firms from McDonald`s to KFC have dominated the fast food market in Shanghai. Many local residents may still remember the Shanghai-based Ronghua Fried Chicken`s failure in competition with KFC.
不过,所有这些都正在改变--传统美食开始大反击了! However, all that is changing as traditional tastes are fighting back.
我国古代爱国诗人屈原(公元前340-278)曾说过,中华美食之美足以唤回逝者的灵魂。 The ancient patriotic Chinese poet Qu Yuan (340-278 BC) once wrote that Chinese cuisine was so delicious it could tempt a soul to return from the dead.
这种起死回生的魔力,对疲惫不堪的德国游客Rudi Steinrock来说可能还无从体会,但他确实在上海火车站附近找到了一家中式快餐连锁店,彻底安抚了自己饥肠辘辘的胃。 Weary German tourist Rudi Steinrock couldn`t absorb as magic the energy that Qu described, but he did find a Chinese fast food chain near Shanghai Railway Station that fully satisfied his hunger.
Steinrock说:“一份套餐中有羊肉、米饭、蔬菜还有汤。菜色深红,散发着浓浓的香味,吃起来甜咸适中。而且,这一餐下来还不到30元人民币(约4.40美元)。” "It serves a set with lamb, rice, vegetables and soup. The dish is salty and sweet with the carmine color and great aroma. And it is no more than 30 yuan (US$4.40)," says Steinrock.
作为一个有着令人引以为傲的烹饪传统和无穷美食的国家,不得不说很多中国人竟会追捧寥寥西餐菜单上汉堡、披萨、烤鸡等异域风味这真是一件奇事。 Given the nation`s pride in its culinary traditions and the diversity of ingredients, it is surprising to find that many Chinese embraced the exotic taste of hamburgers, pizzas and fried chicken, on somewhat limited Western menus.
对此,白领周艳艳说:“选择炸鸡、汉堡并非因为偏爱它们的味道,而是因为它们快速的服务,你在市内的每个角落都能轻易找到其分店。事实上,我更喜欢中餐,因为中餐菜色更多也更健康。” "Not for a preference for tastes, I choose Western fried chicken and hamburgers mainly for their swift service and they can be easily found in every corner of the city. In fact, I prefer the Chinese foods - more choices and healthier," says office worker Zhou Yanyan.
中国烹饪协会常务副会长杨柳表示,到2010年,预计快餐市场零售额将达到20000亿人民币,将有很大一部分消费者会选择中餐而非西餐。 The fast food market is expected to reach 2 trillion yuan in value in 2010, and a larger number of consumers would prefer Chinese-style cuisine rather than Western food, according to Yang Liu, vice chairman of China Cuisine Association.
旁观多年后,中国快餐业正在调整自己的战略。他们从西方竞争者那里学到了管理艺术和质量控制,现在正将其引入本地餐饮业。 After years of looking on from the sidelines, Chinese fast food chains are embracing a shift in strategy. They have learnt the art of management and quality control from their Western rivals and are now bringing them to local cuisine.
同时,为争取更多当地顾客,国际连锁快餐集团也会根据本地口味调整自己的菜单。一些跨国食品公司巨头,例如百胜集团,已推出了中国风味快餐。 International fast food chains are also tailoring their menus to local tastes to win more local customers. Some multinational food industry giants, such as Yum!, have introduced Chinese-style fast food.
今天,如果你要在上海赶时间的话,你可以吃到既健康又美味的中式快餐,例如:永和大王、真功夫或东方既白。它们的食品质量安全、价格合理,菜单还会根据季节变换而调整。同时,大多数中国快餐也提供外卖服务。 Today, if you are on a tight schedule in Shanghai, you can have healthy and tasty Chinese fast food, such as Yonghe King, Kung Fu Restaurant or East Dawning. They offer quality food at reasonable prices and often change their menus, adding seasonal treats. Most Chinese fast food chains also deliver.
真功夫 Kung Fu Restaurant
真功夫快餐成立于15年前,当时的创始人只有22岁。如今,它在上海的连锁店已经超过15家,全国共有300多家。它的标志是李小龙,颇具纪念意义。 The Kung Fu fast food chain was started 15 years ago by a 22-year-old Chinese man. Now there are about 15 outlets in Shanghai and over 300 around China. They feature a memorable company logo featuring Bruce Lee.
真功夫一份套餐约标价20元,包括一碗米饭,一碗汤,白灼蔬菜和一份肉食。 The set meals cost about 20 yuan, and include a rice bowl, soup, boiled vegetables and a meat dish.
东方既白 East Dawning
东方既白快餐成立于5年前,创始之时是中式快餐的试验店。目前它已在上海开设了15家连锁店。它与肯德基同属百胜餐饮集团旗下,将肯德基的商业模式与中国菜相融合,让顾客在舒适的餐厅环境内享用物美价廉的食物。 With about 15 stores in Shanghai, East Dawning began five years ago as a test for a new concept of Chinese fast food. It is playing on the same team as KFC, under Yum!`s banner. It is a fusion of the KFC business model with Chinese cuisine, offering cheap food in cheerful surroundings.
该店只提供快捷、易准备的中餐,并以传统的中国饮料如豆浆、酸梅汤等代替软饮。 Chinese food is served exclusively, but focuses on those more quickly and easily prepared dishes. Soft drinks are eschewed in favor of traditional Chinese drinks such as soy plum juice.
永和大王 Yonghe King
永和是台湾省台北市一个郊区的名字。几十年前,当地有一家早餐店,那里的鲜豆浆远近闻名。1995年,一名台湾投资者在上海开了第一家永和快餐店。如今,永和在上海的连锁店已超过30家。 Yonghe is the name of a suburb of Taipei city in Taiwan, where several decades ago there appeared a breakfast shop specializing in fresh soybean milk. A chain by the same name was started in Shanghai in 1995 by Taiwanese investors. Now it has more than 30 restaurants in the city.
永和大王以其新鲜的豆制品而闻名,价位在5到8元不等。 Yonghe King is most famous for its freshly made soybean products, costing from 5 to 8 yuan.
和include?
手册上是这么写的:include_once()如果该文件中的代码已经被包含了,则不会再次包含应该用于在脚本执行期间同一个文件有可能被包含超过一次的情况下,想确保它只被包含一次以避免函数重定义,变量重新赋值等问题。
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